Old Testament · Law

Genesis 11

The Tower of Babel

Humanity builds upward in defiance. God scatters them — and then quietly begins a new plan through one family line.

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1And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.

2And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.

3And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them throughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.

4And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.

5And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded.

6And the LORD said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do.

7Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.

8So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city.

9Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.

10These are the generations of Shem: Shem was an hundred years old, and begat Arphaxad two years after the flood:

11And Shem lived after he begat Arphaxad five hundred years, and begat sons and daughters.

12And Arphaxad lived five and thirty years, and begat Salah:

13And Arphaxad lived after he begat Salah four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.

14And Salah lived thirty years, and begat Eber:

15And Salah lived after he begat Eber four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.

16And Eber lived four and thirty years, and begat Peleg:

17And Eber lived after he begat Peleg four hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters.

18And Peleg lived thirty years, and begat Reu:

19And Peleg lived after he begat Reu two hundred and nine years, and begat sons and daughters.

20And Reu lived two and thirty years, and begat Serug:

21And Reu lived after he begat Serug two hundred and seven years, and begat sons and daughters.

22And Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nahor:

23And Serug lived after he begat Nahor two hundred years, and begat sons and daughters.

24And Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begat Terah:

25And Nahor lived after he begat Terah an hundred and nineteen years, and begat sons and daughters.

26And Terah lived seventy years, and begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

27Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot.

28And Haran died before his father Terah in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees.

29And Abram and Nahor took them wives: the name of Abram’s wife was Sarai; and the name of Nahor’s wife, Milcah, the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah, and the father of Iscah.

30But Sarai was barren; she had no child.

31And Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran his son’s son, and Sarai his daughter in law, his son Abram’s wife; and they went forth with them from Ur of the Chaldees, to go into the land of Canaan; and they came unto Haran, and dwelt there.

32And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years: and Terah died in Haran.

Understand This

Genesis 11, explained

What Genesis 11 is saying

At Babel, humanity unites to build a city and tower to make a name for themselves and resist being scattered. God confuses their language and disperses them across the earth. The chapter then traces Shem's genealogy from the flood to Abram, bridging the primeval history with the patriarchal narratives.

The background behind it

The Tower of Babel narrative likely reflects knowledge of Mesopotamian ziggurats, stepped temple-towers designed to connect heaven and earth. The Hebrew wordplay between Babel (confusion) and the Akkadian bab-ilu (gate of god) reveals deliberate irony. The Shemite genealogy narrows the universal scope of chapters 1-10 toward the particular call of Abram.

Themes running underneath

Babel represents humanity's attempt at self-salvation and self-glorification apart from God. The scattering is both judgment and fulfillment of the mandate to fill the earth. The transition from universal history to Abram's family line signals God's strategy of blessing all nations through one chosen people.

Why it still matters

The drive to 'make a name for ourselves' persists in every generation. Babel warns that human unity built on pride rather than obedience to God leads to fragmentation, not flourishing.

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Scripture text: King James Version — public domain.