New Testament · Gospel

Luke 15

Lost and Found

Three things go missing — a sheep, a coin, a son. The father's response in the last story is the heart of the gospel in a single embrace.

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1Then drew near unto him all the publicans and sinners for to hear him.

2And the Pharisees and scribes murmured, saying, This man receiveth sinners, and eateth with them.

3And he spake this parable unto them, saying,

4What man of you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it?

5And when he hath found it, he layeth it on his shoulders, rejoicing.

6And when he cometh home, he calleth together his friends and neighbours, saying unto them, Rejoice with me; for I have found my sheep which was lost.

7I say unto you, that likewise joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, more than over ninety and nine just persons, which need no repentance.

8Either what woman having ten pieces of silver, if she lose one piece, doth not light a candle, and sweep the house, and seek diligently till she find it?

9And when she hath found it, she calleth her friends and her neighbours together, saying, Rejoice with me; for I have found the piece which I had lost.

10Likewise, I say unto you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner that repenteth.

11And he said, A certain man had two sons:

12And the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living.

13And not many days after the younger son gathered all together, and took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance with riotous living.

14And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in that land; and he began to be in want.

15And he went and joined himself to a citizen of that country; and he sent him into his fields to feed swine.

16And he would fain have filled his belly with the husks that the swine did eat: and no man gave unto him.

17And when he came to himself, he said, How many hired servants of my father’s have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger!

18I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before thee,

19And am no more worthy to be called thy son: make me as one of thy hired servants.

20And he arose, and came to his father. But when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him.

21And the son said unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight, and am no more worthy to be called thy son.

22But the father said to his servants, Bring forth the best robe, and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet:

23And bring hither the fatted calf, and kill it; and let us eat, and be merry:

24For this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And they began to be merry.

25Now his elder son was in the field: and as he came and drew nigh to the house, he heard musick and dancing.

26And he called one of the servants, and asked what these things meant.

27And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe and sound.

28And he was angry, and would not go in: therefore came his father out, and intreated him.

29And he answering said to his father, Lo, these many years do I serve thee, neither transgressed I at any time thy commandment: and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that I might make merry with my friends:

30But as soon as this thy son was come, which hath devoured thy living with harlots, thou hast killed for him the fatted calf.

31And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine.

32It was meet that we should make merry, and be glad: for this thy brother was dead, and is alive again; and was lost, and is found.

Understand This

Luke 15, explained

What Luke 15 is saying

In response to Pharisaic criticism of his association with sinners, Jesus delivers three parables of the lost: the lost sheep, the lost coin, and the prodigal son. Each parable escalates in emotional intensity and theological depth, culminating in the father's extravagant welcome of his wayward son and the elder brother's resentful refusal to join the celebration.

The background behind it

The social context is crucial: Jesus is eating with tax collectors and sinners, violating the Pharisaic principle of table fellowship as boundary marker. The prodigal's request for his inheritance while his father lives was tantamount to wishing him dead—a shocking cultural offense. His degradation to feeding pigs represents absolute bottom for a Jewish audience, as pigs were ritually unclean animals.

Themes running underneath

The chapter's central theology is divine joy over repentance—heaven's celebration over one sinner who returns outweighs satisfaction over ninety-nine who stayed. The elder brother represents the Pharisaic position: faithful obedience that lacks the father's compassion. Notably, the parable ends without resolution—the elder brother's response remains open, a direct challenge to Jesus' critics.

Why it still matters

The prodigal's return demolishes the notion that repentance requires self-improvement before approaching God—the father runs to him while he still reeks of pigs. The elder brother's story warns that dutiful religion without compassion for the lost is its own form of lostness.

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Scripture text: King James Version — public domain.