Old Testament · Law

Genesis 38

Judah and Tamar

A strange detour from Joseph's story. Judah's failures and Tamar's boldness both play a role in the ancestry of the Messiah.

Berean Standard Bible BSB KJV

Tap any verse number for what that verse means.

1About that time, Judah left his brothers and settled near a man named Hirah, an Adullamite.

2There Judah saw the daughter of a Canaanite man named Shua, and he took her as a wife and slept with her.

3So she conceived and gave birth to a son, and Judah named him Er.

4Again she conceived and gave birth to a son, and she named him Onan.

5Then she gave birth to another son and named him Shelah; it was at Chezib that she gave birth to him.

6Now Judah acquired a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.

7But Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; so the LORD put him to death.

8Then Judah said to Onan, “Sleep with your brother’s wife. Perform your duty as her brother-in-law and raise up offspring for your brother.”

9But Onan knew that the offspring would not belong to him; so whenever he would sleep with his brother’s wife, he would spill his seed on the ground so that he would not produce offspring for his brother.

10What he did was wicked in the sight of the LORD, so He put Onan to death as well.

11Then Judah said to his daughter-in-law Tamar, “Live as a widow in your father’s house until my son Shelah grows up.” For he thought, “He may die too, like his brothers.” So Tamar went to live in her father’s house.

12After a long time Judah’s wife, the daughter of Shua, died. When Judah had finished mourning, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite went up to his sheepshearers at Timnah.

13When Tamar was told, “Your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep,”

14she removed her widow’s garments, covered her face with a veil to disguise herself, and sat at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah. For she saw that although Shelah had grown up, she had not been given to him as a wife.

15When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute because she had covered her face.

16Not realizing that she was his daughter-in-law, he went over to her and said, “Come now, let me sleep with you.”

17“I will send you a young goat from my flock,” Judah answered.

18“What pledge should I give you?” he asked.

19Then Tamar got up and departed. And she removed her veil and put on her widow’s garments again.

20Now when Judah sent his friend Hirah the Adullamite with the young goat to collect the items he had left with the woman, he could not find her.

21He asked the men of that place, “Where is the shrine prostitute who was beside the road at Enaim?”

22So Hirah returned to Judah and said, “I could not find her, and furthermore, the men of that place said, ‘No shrine prostitute has been here.’”

23“Let her keep the items,” Judah replied. “Otherwise we will become a laughingstock. After all, I did send her this young goat, but you could not find her.”

24About three months later, Judah was told, “Your daughter-in-law Tamar has prostituted herself, and now she is pregnant.”

25As she was being brought out, Tamar sent a message to her father-in-law: “I am pregnant by the man to whom these items belong.” And she added, “Please examine them. Whose seal and cord and staff are these?”

26Judah recognized the items and said, “She is more righteous than I, since I did not give her to my son Shelah.” And he did not have relations with her again.

27When the time came for Tamar to give birth, there were twins in her womb.

28And as she was giving birth, one of them put out his hand; so the midwife took a scarlet thread and tied it around his wrist. “This one came out first,” she announced.

29But when he pulled his hand back and his brother came out, she said, “You have broken out first!” So he was named Perez.

30Then his brother came out with the scarlet thread around his wrist, and he was named Zerah.

Understand This

Genesis 38, explained

What Genesis 38 is saying

Judah separates from his brothers, marries a Canaanite, and fathers three sons. His firstborn Er dies, and the second son Onan refuses to fulfill the levirate duty, so God takes his life too. Judah withholds his third son. Tamar, disguised as a prostitute, conceives twins by Judah himself. When confronted, Judah declares, 'She is more righteous than I.'

The background behind it

The chapter interrupts the Joseph narrative to trace the Judah line, which will produce David and the Messiah. Levirate marriage (from Latin levir, brother-in-law) obligated a man to produce an heir for his deceased brother. Tamar's bold act is a claim for justice within this system. She appears in Matthew's genealogy of Jesus.

Themes running underneath

Tamar's inclusion in the messianic line alongside Ruth, Rahab, and Bathsheba demonstrates that God's redemptive purposes work through unexpected and scandalous channels. Judah's confession marks a turning point in his character arc, moving from the brother who sold Joseph to a man who can recognize his own injustice.

Why it still matters

Judah's admission 'she is more righteous than I' is one of the most honest moments in Genesis. The capacity to recognize when someone you have wronged has more integrity than you is the beginning of real transformation.

This is one chapter. BibleKey does all 1,189.

Tap any verse for its meaning, any word for its Hebrew or Greek root, and follow every cross-reference without losing your place.

Get BibleKey

All 50 chapters of Genesis · Every book of the Bible · Browse by topic

Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible — used by permission, Bible Hub.