Old Testament · Wisdom

Proverbs 20

Wine, Kings, and Integrity

Wine is a mocker, strong drink a brawler. Who can say, I have made my heart pure? Honest self-assessment is rare.

Berean Standard Bible BSB KJV

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1Wine is a mocker, strong drink is a brawler, and whoever is led astray by them is not wise.

2The terror of a king is like the roar of a lion; whoever provokes him forfeits his own life.

3It is honorable for a man to resolve a dispute, but any fool will quarrel.

4The slacker does not plow in season; at harvest time he looks, but nothing is there.

5The intentions of a man’s heart are deep waters, but a man of understanding draws them out.

6Many a man proclaims his loving devotion, but who can find a trustworthy man?

7The righteous man walks with integrity; blessed are his children after him.

8A king who sits on a throne to judge sifts out all evil with his eyes.

9Who can say, “I have kept my heart pure; I am cleansed from my sin”?

10Differing weights and unequal measures — both are detestable to the LORD.

11Even a young man is known by his actions— whether his conduct is pure and upright.

12Ears that hear and eyes that see— the LORD has made them both.

13Do not love sleep, or you will grow poor; open your eyes, and you will have plenty of food.

14“Worthless, worthless!” says the buyer, but on the way out, he gloats.

15There is an abundance of gold and rubies, but lips of knowledge are a rare treasure.

16Take the garment of the one who posts security for a stranger; get collateral if it is for a foreigner.

17Food gained by fraud is sweet to a man, but later his mouth is full of gravel.

18Set plans by consultation, and wage war under sound guidance.

19He who reveals secrets is a constant gossip; avoid the one who babbles with his lips.

20Whoever curses his father or mother, his lamp will be extinguished in deepest darkness.

21An inheritance gained quickly will not be blessed in the end.

22Do not say, “I will avenge this evil!” Wait on the LORD, and He will save you.

23Unequal weights are detestable to the LORD, and dishonest scales are no good.

24A man’s steps are from the LORD, so how can anyone understand his own way?

25It is a trap for a man to dedicate something rashly, only later to reconsider his vows.

26A wise king separates out the wicked and drives the threshing wheel over them.

27The spirit of a man is the lamp of the LORD, searching out his inmost being.

28Loving devotion and faithfulness preserve a king; by these he maintains his throne.

29The glory of young men is their strength, and gray hair is the splendor of the old.

30Lashes and wounds scour evil, and beatings cleanse the inmost parts.

Understand This

Proverbs 20, explained

What Proverbs 20 is saying

The chapter opens with a warning that wine is a mocker, then addresses royal justice, the unknowability of the human heart, and the futility of hasty vows. Diverse weights and measures are again condemned as abomination to the LORD.

The background behind it

The warnings about wine reflect the ever-present danger of alcohol abuse in ancient Near Eastern culture, where wine was both staple beverage and social lubricant. The references to the king's wrath and justice indicate a courtly setting for these particular proverbs.

Themes running underneath

Self-knowledge is difficult—'who can say I have made my heart clean?'—anticipating Jeremiah's declaration that the heart is deceitfully wicked. Human judgment is limited, which is why honest dealings and patient trust in God's justice are essential.

Why it still matters

The honest admission that self-knowledge is elusive should produce both humility about our own hearts and gentleness toward others. It counsels patience rather than premature self-vindication.

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Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible — used by permission, Bible Hub.