Old Testament · Law

Leviticus 18

Boundaries

A list of prohibited relationships that set Israel apart from the nations around them. Holiness reaches into the most intimate parts of life.

King James Version BSB KJV

1And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

2Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, I am the LORD your God.

3After the doings of the land of Egypt, wherein ye dwelt, shall ye not do: and after the doings of the land of Canaan, whither I bring you, shall ye not do: neither shall ye walk in their ordinances.

4Ye shall do my judgments, and keep mine ordinances, to walk therein: I am the LORD your God.

5Ye shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgments: which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the LORD.

6None of you shall approach to any that is near of kin to him, to uncover their nakedness: I am the LORD.

7The nakedness of thy father, or the nakedness of thy mother, shalt thou not uncover: she is thy mother; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.

8The nakedness of thy father’s wife shalt thou not uncover: it is thy father’s nakedness.

9The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or daughter of thy mother, whether she be born at home, or born abroad, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover.

10The nakedness of thy son’s daughter, or of thy daughter’s daughter, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover: for theirs is thine own nakedness.

11The nakedness of thy father’s wife’s daughter, begotten of thy father, she is thy sister, thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.

12Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father’s sister: she is thy father’s near kinswoman.

13Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy mother’s sister: for she is thy mother’s near kinswoman.

14Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father’s brother, thou shalt not approach to his wife: she is thine aunt.

15Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy daughter in law: she is thy son’s wife; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness.

16Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother’s wife: it is thy brother’s nakedness.

17Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter, neither shalt thou take her son’s daughter, or her daughter’s daughter, to uncover her nakedness; for they are her near kinswomen: it is wickedness.

18Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister, to vex her, to uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her life time.

19Also thou shalt not approach unto a woman to uncover her nakedness, as long as she is put apart for her uncleanness.

20Moreover thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour’s wife, to defile thyself with her.

21And thou shalt not let any of thy seed pass through the fire to Molech, neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am the LORD.

22Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination.

23Neither shalt thou lie with any beast to defile thyself therewith: neither shall any woman stand before a beast to lie down thereto: it is confusion.

24Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things: for in all these the nations are defiled which I cast out before you:

25And the land is defiled: therefore I do visit the iniquity thereof upon it, and the land itself vomiteth out her inhabitants.

26Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and my judgments, and shall not commit any of these abominations; neither any of your own nation, nor any stranger that sojourneth among you:

27(For all these abominations have the men of the land done, which were before you, and the land is defiled;)

28That the land spue not you out also, when ye defile it, as it spued out the nations that were before you.

29For whosoever shall commit any of these abominations, even the souls that commit them shall be cut off from among their people.

30Therefore shall ye keep mine ordinance, that ye commit not any one of these abominable customs, which were committed before you, and that ye defile not yourselves therein: I am the LORD your God.

Understand This

Leviticus 18, explained

What Leviticus 18 is saying

God prohibits Israel from following Egyptian or Canaanite practices. A comprehensive list of forbidden sexual relations follows: incest (various configurations involving parents, siblings, in-laws, and extended family), adultery, child sacrifice to Molech, homosexual practice, and bestiality. Violation is described as 'defiling the land,' and God warns that the land will 'vomit out' disobedient inhabitants just as it did the Canaanites.

The background behind it

The framing between Egypt (where they came from) and Canaan (where they are going) establishes these laws as boundary markers for Israel's distinctive identity. Archaeological evidence confirms that many of the listed practices occurred in surrounding cultures. The Molech reference addresses a Canaanite deity whose cult involved child sacrifice.

Themes running underneath

Sexual ethics are grounded not in cultural convention but in creation order and covenantal holiness. The land-vomiting metaphor personifies the moral consequences of violation—the created order itself rebels against these acts. The chapter connects personal sexual behavior to communal and even ecological well-being.

Why it still matters

The chapter establishes that sexual ethics are not peripheral but central to covenant life. The land-theology framework teaches that human behavior has consequences that extend beyond the individual to the broader community and creation.

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Scripture text: King James Version — public domain.