Old Testament · Law

Leviticus 18

Boundaries

A list of prohibited relationships that set Israel apart from the nations around them. Holiness reaches into the most intimate parts of life.

Berean Standard Bible BSB KJV

1Then the LORD said to Moses,

2“Speak to the Israelites and tell them: I am the LORD your God.

3You must not follow the practices of the land of Egypt, where you used to live, and you must not follow the practices of the land of Canaan, into which I am bringing you. You must not walk in their customs.

4You are to practice My judgments and keep My statutes by walking in them. I am the LORD your God.

5Keep My statutes and My judgments, for the man who does these things will live by them. I am the LORD.

6None of you are to approach any close relative to have sexual relations. I am the LORD.

7You must not expose the nakedness of your father by having sexual relations with your mother. She is your mother; you must not have sexual relations with her.

8You must not have sexual relations with your father’s wife; it would dishonor your father.

9You must not have sexual relations with your sister, either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere.

10You must not have sexual relations with your son’s daughter or your daughter’s daughter, for that would shame your family.

11You must not have sexual relations with the daughter of your father’s wife, born to your father; she is your sister.

12You must not have sexual relations with your father’s sister; she is your father’s close relative.

13You must not have sexual relations with your mother’s sister, for she is your mother’s close relative.

14You must not dishonor your father’s brother by approaching his wife to have sexual relations with her; she is your aunt.

15You must not have sexual relations with your daughter-in-law. She is your son’s wife; you are not to have sexual relations with her.

16You must not have sexual relations with your brother’s wife; that would shame your brother.

17You must not have sexual relations with both a woman and her daughter. You are not to marry her son’s daughter or her daughter’s daughter and have sexual relations with her. They are close relatives; it is depraved.

18You must not take your wife’s sister as a rival wife and have sexual relations with her while your wife is still alive.

19You must not approach a woman to have sexual relations with her during her menstrual period.

20You must not lie carnally with your neighbor’s wife and thus defile yourself with her.

21You must not give any of your children to be sacrificed to Molech, for you must not profane the name of your God. I am the LORD.

22You must not lie with a man as with a woman; that is an abomination.

23You must not lie carnally with any animal, thus defiling yourself with it; a woman must not stand before an animal to mate with it; that is a perversion.

24Do not defile yourselves by any of these practices, for by all these things the nations I am driving out before you have defiled themselves.

25Even the land has become defiled, so I am punishing it for its sin, and the land will vomit out its inhabitants.

26But you are to keep My statutes and ordinances, and you must not commit any of these abominations—neither your native-born nor the foreigner who lives among you.

27For the men who were in the land before you committed all these abominations, and the land has become defiled.

28So if you defile the land, it will vomit you out as it spewed out the nations before you.

29Therefore anyone who commits any of these abominations must be cut off from among his people.

30You must keep My charge not to practice any of the abominable customs that were practiced before you, so that you do not defile yourselves by them. I am the LORD your God.”

Understand This

Leviticus 18, explained

What Leviticus 18 is saying

God prohibits Israel from following Egyptian or Canaanite practices. A comprehensive list of forbidden sexual relations follows: incest (various configurations involving parents, siblings, in-laws, and extended family), adultery, child sacrifice to Molech, homosexual practice, and bestiality. Violation is described as 'defiling the land,' and God warns that the land will 'vomit out' disobedient inhabitants just as it did the Canaanites.

The background behind it

The framing between Egypt (where they came from) and Canaan (where they are going) establishes these laws as boundary markers for Israel's distinctive identity. Archaeological evidence confirms that many of the listed practices occurred in surrounding cultures. The Molech reference addresses a Canaanite deity whose cult involved child sacrifice.

Themes running underneath

Sexual ethics are grounded not in cultural convention but in creation order and covenantal holiness. The land-vomiting metaphor personifies the moral consequences of violation—the created order itself rebels against these acts. The chapter connects personal sexual behavior to communal and even ecological well-being.

Why it still matters

The chapter establishes that sexual ethics are not peripheral but central to covenant life. The land-theology framework teaches that human behavior has consequences that extend beyond the individual to the broader community and creation.

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Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible — used by permission, Bible Hub.