Old Testament · History

Joshua 5

Holy Ground Again

Circumcision at Gilgal, Passover in Canaan, and a commander with a drawn sword. The land is entered — but God is in charge.

Berean Standard Bible BSB KJV

1Now when all the Amorite kings west of the Jordan and all the Canaanite kings along the coast heard how the LORD had dried up the waters of the Jordan before the Israelites until they had crossed over, their hearts melted and their spirits failed for fear of the Israelites.

2At that time the LORD said to Joshua, “Make flint knives and circumcise the sons of Israel once again.”

3So Joshua made flint knives and circumcised the sons of Israel at Gibeath-haaraloth.

4Now this is why Joshua circumcised them: All those who came out of Egypt—all the men of war—had died on the journey in the wilderness after they had left Egypt.

5Though all who had come out were circumcised, none of those born in the wilderness on the journey from Egypt had been circumcised.

6For the Israelites had wandered in the wilderness forty years, until all the nation’s men of war who had come out of Egypt had died, since they did not obey the LORD. So the LORD vowed never to let them see the land He had sworn to their fathers to give us, a land flowing with milk and honey.

7And He raised up their sons in their place, and these were the ones Joshua circumcised. Until this time they were still uncircumcised, since they had not been circumcised along the way.

8And after all the nation had been circumcised, they stayed there in the camp until they were healed.

9Then the LORD said to Joshua, “Today I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you.” So that place has been called Gilgal to this day.

10On the evening of the fourteenth day of the month, while the Israelites were camped at Gilgal on the plains of Jericho, they kept the Passover.

11The day after the Passover, on that very day, they ate unleavened bread and roasted grain from the produce of the land.

12And the day after they had eaten from the produce of the land, the manna ceased. There was no more manna for the Israelites, so that year they began to eat the crops of the land of Canaan.

13Now when Joshua was near Jericho, he looked up and saw a man standing in front of him with a drawn sword in His hand. Joshua approached Him and asked, “Are You for us or for our enemies?”

14“Neither,” He replied. “I have now come as Commander of the LORD’s army.”

15The Commander of the LORD’s army replied, “Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy.”

Understand This

Joshua 5, explained

What Joshua 5 is saying

At Gilgal, Israel observes circumcision for the wilderness generation, removing 'the reproach of Egypt.' They celebrate the first Passover in the Promised Land, eat the produce of Canaan, and the manna ceases. Joshua encounters the Commander of Yahweh's army near Jericho, who tells him to remove his sandals on holy ground.

The background behind it

Circumcision had lapsed during the wilderness period, requiring renewal before covenant participation (Passover). The cessation of manna after forty years marks a definitive transition from wilderness provision to agricultural sustenance. The theophany near Jericho echoes Moses' encounter at the burning bush (Exodus 3:5).

Themes running underneath

The chapter narrates a series of identity transitions: from uncircumcised to covenant-marked, from manna to Canaan's produce, from wandering to dwelling. The Commander of Yahweh's army reframes the conquest—this is God's war, not Israel's. Joshua's question 'Are you for us or for our enemies?' receives neither answer.

Why it still matters

The Commander's refusal to take sides challenges the assumption that God simply endorses our agendas. The deeper question is not whether God is on our side but whether we are on His.

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Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible — used by permission, Bible Hub.