Old Testament · History

2 Samuel 5

King of All Israel

David takes Jerusalem and makes it his capital. The shepherd boy from Bethlehem now rules from the stronghold of Zion.

Berean Standard Bible BSB KJV

1Then all the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron and said, “Here we are, your own flesh and blood.

2Even in times past, while Saul was king over us, you were the one who led Israel out and brought them back. And to you the LORD said, ‘You will shepherd My people Israel, and you will be ruler over them.’”

3So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, where King David made with them a covenant before the LORD. And they anointed him king over Israel.

4David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years.

5In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah.

6Now the king and his men marched to Jerusalem against the Jebusites who inhabited the land. The Jebusites said to David: “You will never get in here. Even the blind and lame can repel you.” For they thought, “David cannot get in here.”

7Nevertheless, David captured the fortress of Zion (that is, the City of David).

8On that day he said, “Whoever attacks the Jebusites must use the water shaft to reach the lame and blind who are despised by David.” That is why it is said, “The blind and the lame will never enter the palace.”

9So David took up residence in the fortress and called it the City of David. He built it up all the way around, from the supporting terraces inward.

10And David became greater and greater, for the LORD God of Hosts was with him.

11Now Hiram king of Tyre sent envoys to David, along with cedar logs, carpenters, and stonemasons, and they built a palace for David.

12And David realized that the LORD had established him as king over Israel and had exalted his kingdom for the sake of His people Israel.

13After he had arrived from Hebron, David took more concubines and wives from Jerusalem, and more sons and daughters were born to him.

14These are the names of the children born to him in Jerusalem: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon,

15Ibhar, Elishua, Nepheg, Japhia,

16Elishama, Eliada, and Eliphelet.

17When the Philistines heard that David had been anointed king over Israel, they all went in search of him; but David learned of this and went down to the stronghold.

18Now the Philistines had come and spread out in the Valley of Rephaim.

19So David inquired of the LORD, “Should I go up against the Philistines? Will You deliver them into my hand?”

20So David went to Baal-perazim, where he defeated the Philistines and said, “Like a bursting flood, the LORD has burst out against my enemies before me.” So he called that place Baal-perazim.

21There the Philistines abandoned their idols, and David and his men carried them away.

22Once again the Philistines came up and spread out in the Valley of Rephaim.

23So David inquired of the LORD, who answered, “Do not march straight up, but circle around behind them and attack them in front of the balsam trees.

24As soon as you hear the sound of marching in the tops of the balsam trees, move quickly, because this will mean that the LORD has gone out before you to strike the camp of the Philistines.”

25So David did as the LORD had commanded him, and he struck down the Philistines all the way from Gibeon to Gezer.

Understand This

2 Samuel 5, explained

What 2 Samuel 5 is saying

All the tribes of Israel come to Hebron and anoint David king over the united monarchy. David captures the Jebusite stronghold of Jerusalem, makes it his capital, and receives recognition from Hiram of Tyre. He defeats the Philistines twice in the Valley of Rephaim after inquiring of the LORD.

The background behind it

David's capture of Jerusalem (ca. 1003 BC) was a masterstroke—a neutral city belonging to neither northern nor southern tribes, it became the political and eventually spiritual center of Israel. The Jebusite fortress on the Ophel ridge became the 'City of David,' the nucleus of what would become the holy city.

Themes running underneath

The convergence of divine promise and human agency reaches its peak: David is both divinely chosen and strategically brilliant. His repeated inquiry of the LORD before battle—receiving different instructions each time—demonstrates that obedience is situational and requires ongoing communion with God.

Why it still matters

Past victories do not guarantee future strategy. David's practice of seeking God before each new challenge, rather than relying on what worked before, models a spirituality of continual dependence rather than formulaic religion.

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Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible — used by permission, Bible Hub.