New Testament · Letter

1 Timothy 5

Caring for Widows

The church has real responsibilities to its most vulnerable members. Paul gives practical guidelines for honoring widows and holding elders accountable.

King James Version BSB KJV

1Rebuke not an elder, but intreat him as a father; and the younger men as brethren;

2The elder women as mothers; the younger as sisters, with all purity.

3Honour widows that are widows indeed.

4But if any widow have children or nephews, let them learn first to shew piety at home, and to requite their parents: for that is good and acceptable before God.

5Now she that is a widow indeed, and desolate, trusteth in God, and continueth in supplications and prayers night and day.

6But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth.

7And these things give in charge, that they may be blameless.

8But if any provide not for his own, and specially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel.

9Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore years old, having been the wife of one man,

10Well reported of for good works; if she have brought up children, if she have lodged strangers, if she have washed the saints’ feet, if she have relieved the afflicted, if she have diligently followed every good work.

11But the younger widows refuse: for when they have begun to wax wanton against Christ, they will marry;

12Having damnation, because they have cast off their first faith.

13And withal they learn to be idle, wandering about from house to house; and not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not.

14I will therefore that the younger women marry, bear children, guide the house, give none occasion to the adversary to speak reproachfully.

15For some are already turned aside after Satan.

16If any man or woman that believeth have widows, let them relieve them, and let not the church be charged; that it may relieve them that are widows indeed.

17Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, especially they who labour in the word and doctrine.

18For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. And, The labourer is worthy of his reward.

19Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses.

20Them that sin rebuke before all, that others also may fear.

21I charge thee before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, and the elect angels, that thou observe these things without preferring one before another, doing nothing by partiality.

22Lay hands suddenly on no man, neither be partaker of other men’s sins: keep thyself pure.

23Drink no longer water, but use a little wine for thy stomach’s sake and thine often infirmities.

24Some men’s sins are open beforehand, going before to judgment; and some men they follow after.

25Likewise also the good works of some are manifest beforehand; and they that are otherwise can not be hid.

Understand This

1 Timothy 5, explained

What 1 Timothy 5 is saying

Paul provides detailed instructions for community care across social categories. Timothy should treat older men as fathers, younger men as brothers, older women as mothers, and younger women as sisters with absolute purity. The extended section on widows establishes criteria for the church’s widow list: a true widow is over sixty, married once, known for good works, and has no family to support her. Younger widows are discouraged from the list, as Paul fears idleness and inappropriate behavior. Elders who lead well deserve double honor (diplēs timēs), especially those who labor in preaching and teaching. Accusations against elders require two or three witnesses. Paul concludes with warnings against partiality, hasty ordination, and participation in others’ sins.

The background behind it

The early church’s widow care system was one of its most distinctive features in the Roman world. The organized widow list suggests an institutional role beyond mere charitable recipients—these women likely served in prayer, hospitality, and community ministries.

Themes running underneath

The chapter reveals the church as an alternative household where social obligations—care for the elderly, support for the vulnerable, accountability for leaders—are structured by the gospel rather than merely by kinship or patronage. The dual meaning of timē (honor/financial support) for elders reflects the integration of respect and practical provision.

Why it still matters

The church’s care structures challenge both individualism (family should handle it alone) and institutionalism (the organization handles it all). Paul envisions interlocking layers of family, community, and church responsibility for vulnerable members.

This is one chapter. BibleKey does all 1,189.

Tap any verse for its meaning, any word for its Hebrew or Greek root, and follow every cross-reference without losing your place.

Get BibleKey

All 6 chapters of 1 Timothy · Every book of the Bible · Browse by topic

Scripture text: King James Version — public domain.