Old Testament · Law

Exodus 4

Signs and Excuses

Moses offers every reason not to go. God answers every one — with a staff that becomes a snake, a hand that turns leprous, and a brother who can speak.

Berean Standard Bible BSB KJV

1Then Moses answered, “What if they do not believe me or listen to my voice? For they may say, ‘The LORD has not appeared to you.’”

2And the LORD asked him, “What is that in your hand?”

3“Throw it on the ground,” said the LORD. So Moses threw it on the ground, and it became a snake, and he ran from it.

4“Stretch out your hand and grab it by the tail,” the LORD said to Moses, who reached out his hand and caught the snake, and it turned back into a staff in his hand.

5“This is so that they may believe that the LORD, the God of their fathers—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob—has appeared to you.”

6Furthermore, the LORD said to Moses, “Put your hand inside your cloak.” So he put his hand inside his cloak, and when he took it out, his hand was leprous, white as snow.

7“Put your hand back inside your cloak,” said the LORD.

8And the LORD said, “If they refuse to believe you or heed the witness of the first sign, they may believe that of the second.

9But if they do not believe even these two signs or listen to your voice, take some water from the Nile and pour it on the dry ground. Then the water you take from the Nile will become blood on the ground.”

10“Please, Lord,” Moses replied, “I have never been eloquent, neither in the past nor since You have spoken to Your servant, for I am slow of speech and tongue.”

11And the LORD said to him, “Who gave man his mouth? Or who makes the mute or the deaf, the sighted or the blind? Is it not I, the LORD?

12Now go! I will help you as you speak, and I will teach you what to say.”

13But Moses replied, “Please, Lord, send someone else.”

14Then the anger of the LORD burned against Moses, and He said, “Is not Aaron the Levite your brother? I know that he can speak well, and he is now on his way to meet you. When he sees you, he will be glad in his heart.

15You are to speak to him and put the words in his mouth. I will help both of you to speak, and I will teach you what to do.

16He will speak to the people for you. He will be your spokesman, and it will be as if you were God to him.

17But take this staff in your hand so you can perform signs with it.”

18Then Moses went back to his father-in-law Jethro and said to him, “Please let me return to my brothers in Egypt to see if they are still alive.”

19Now the LORD had said to Moses in Midian, “Go back to Egypt, for all the men who sought to kill you are dead.”

20So Moses took his wife and sons, put them on a donkey, and headed back to Egypt. And he took the staff of God in his hand.

21The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.

22Then tell Pharaoh that this is what the LORD says: ‘Israel is My firstborn son,

23and I told you to let My son go so that he may worship Me. But since you have refused to let him go, behold, I will kill your firstborn son!’”

24Now at a lodging place along the way, the LORD met Moses and was about to kill him.

25But Zipporah took a flint knife, cut off her son’s foreskin, and touched it to Moses’ feet. “Surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me,” she said.

26So the LORD let him alone. (When she said, “bridegroom of blood,” she was referring to the circumcision.)

27Meanwhile, the LORD had said to Aaron, “Go and meet Moses in the wilderness.” So he went and met Moses at the mountain of God and kissed him.

28And Moses told Aaron everything the LORD had sent him to say, and all the signs He had commanded him to perform.

29Then Moses and Aaron went and assembled all the elders of the Israelites,

30and Aaron relayed everything the LORD had said to Moses.

31and they believed. And when they heard that the LORD had attended to the Israelites and had seen their affliction, they bowed down and worshiped.

Understand This

Exodus 4, explained

What Exodus 4 is saying

Moses raises objections to his commission, and God provides three authenticating signs: a staff-to-serpent transformation, a leprous hand, and water-to-blood. When Moses protests his lack of eloquence, God appoints Aaron as his spokesman. On the return journey to Egypt, a mysterious passage describes a near-fatal divine encounter resolved through Zipporah's circumcision of their son.

The background behind it

The signs given to Moses correspond to Egyptian cultural symbols—the serpent (uraeus of Pharaoh's crown), skin disease, and the Nile—directly challenging Egyptian power on its own terms. The enigmatic circumcision episode in vv. 24–26 likely reflects the covenantal requirement established with Abraham in Genesis 17.

Themes running underneath

The dialogue between Moses and God reveals the tension between human inadequacy and divine sufficiency. God accommodates weakness but also confronts disobedience—the circumcision incident underscores that covenant mediators must themselves be under covenant obligation.

Why it still matters

Moses' objections mirror the universal human tendency to focus on personal limitations rather than divine empowerment. The chapter teaches that God equips the called rather than calling the equipped.

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Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible — used by permission, Bible Hub.