New Testament · History

Acts 6

The First Deacons

A food distribution dispute leads to the appointment of seven Spirit-filled servants. One of them, Stephen, is about to change everything.

King James Version BSB KJV

1And in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplied, there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily ministration.

2Then the twelve called the multitude of the disciples unto them, and said, It is not reason that we should leave the word of God, and serve tables.

3Wherefore, brethren, look ye out among you seven men of honest report, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business.

4But we will give ourselves continually to prayer, and to the ministry of the word.

5And the saying pleased the whole multitude: and they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Ghost, and Philip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolas a proselyte of Antioch:

6Whom they set before the apostles: and when they had prayed, they laid their hands on them.

7And the word of God increased; and the number of the disciples multiplied in Jerusalem greatly; and a great company of the priests were obedient to the faith.

8And Stephen, full of faith and power, did great wonders and miracles among the people.

9Then there arose certain of the synagogue, which is called the synagogue of the Libertines, and Cyrenians, and Alexandrians, and of them of Cilicia and of Asia, disputing with Stephen.

10And they were not able to resist the wisdom and the spirit by which he spake.

11Then they suborned men, which said, We have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses, and against God.

12And they stirred up the people, and the elders, and the scribes, and came upon him, and caught him, and brought him to the council,

13And set up false witnesses, which said, This man ceaseth not to speak blasphemous words against this holy place, and the law:

14For we have heard him say, that this Jesus of Nazareth shall destroy this place, and shall change the customs which Moses delivered us.

15And all that sat in the council, looking stedfastly on him, saw his face as it had been the face of an angel.

Understand This

Acts 6, explained

What Acts 6 is saying

A dispute arises between Hellenistic (Greek-speaking) and Hebraic Jewish believers over the daily distribution of food to widows. The apostles appoint seven men—all bearing Greek names—to oversee this ministry, enabling the Twelve to focus on prayer and the word. Stephen, described as full of grace and power, begins performing signs and engaging in synagogue debates that his opponents cannot answer.

The background behind it

The Hellenist-Hebraist tension reflects a well-documented division within Second Temple Judaism between diaspora Jews (culturally Greek) and Palestinian Jews (culturally Semitic). The selection of seven men with Greek names suggests the community deliberately empowered the aggrieved minority. The 'Synagogue of the Freedmen' (Libertinōn) likely comprised descendants of Jews enslaved by Pompey in 63 BC.

Themes running underneath

Luke presents the church's first internal crisis as an opportunity for structural innovation rather than division. The apostles' distinction between 'serving tables' (diakonein trapezais) and 'the ministry of the word' (diakonia tou logou) establishes a theology of diverse yet complementary callings. Stephen's introduction foreshadows the expansion beyond Jewish boundaries that his martyrdom will catalyze.

Why it still matters

The early church's response to inequity—addressing it structurally rather than dismissing it—offers a model for how communities of faith might handle systemic grievances. The apostles' willingness to share power demonstrates that healthy leadership multiplies rather than consolidates authority.

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Scripture text: King James Version — public domain.