1Then the angel who was speaking with me returned and woke me, as a man is awakened from his sleep.
2“What do you see?” he asked.
3There are also two olive trees beside it, one on the right side of the bowl and the other on its left.”
4“What are these, my lord?” I asked the angel who was speaking with me.
5“Do you not know what they are?” replied the angel.
6So he said to me, “This is the word of the LORD to Zerubbabel: Not by might nor by power, but by My Spirit, says the LORD of Hosts.
7What are you, O great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain. Then he will bring forth the capstone accompanied by shouts of ‘Grace, grace to it!’”
8Then the word of the LORD came to me, saying,
9“The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundation of this house, and his hands will complete it. Then you will know that the LORD of Hosts has sent me to you.
10For who has despised the day of small things? But these seven eyes of the LORD, which scan the whole earth, will rejoice when they see the plumb line in the hand of Zerubbabel.”
11Then I asked the angel, “What are the two olive trees on the right and left of the lampstand?”
12And I questioned him further, “What are the two olive branches beside the two gold pipes from which the golden oil pours?”
13“Do you not know what these are?” he inquired.
14So he said, “These are the two anointed ones who are standing beside the Lord of all the earth.”
Understand This
Zechariah 4, explained
What Zechariah 4 is saying
The fifth vision presents a gold lampstand flanked by two olive trees that supply it with oil through golden pipes. The angel explains: this is the word of the LORD to Zerubbabel—'Not by might, nor by power, but by My Spirit.' The mountain of opposition before Zerubbabel will become a plain, and he who laid the foundation will complete the temple.
The background behind it
The vision directly addresses the practical discouragement surrounding temple reconstruction. The two olive trees are identified as 'the two anointed ones' (literally 'sons of oil'), generally understood as Zerubbabel (royal) and Joshua (priestly), representing the dual leadership structure of the post-exilic community.
Themes running underneath
The lampstand (menorah) symbolizes God's watchful presence, with seven lamps representing complete, all-seeing divine oversight. The emphatic 'not by might nor by power but by My Spirit' establishes a counter-imperial theology: God's work advances through spiritual empowerment, not military or political force.
Why it still matters
The chapter provides the theological foundation for understanding that God's work is accomplished through divine empowerment rather than human resources. The image of the mountain becoming a plain encourages perseverance through seemingly insurmountable obstacles.
Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible — used by permission, Bible Hub.