Old Testament · Law

Leviticus 5

The Guilt Offering

For specific wrongs — lying, cheating, carelessness with holy things. Guilt isn't meant to stay. It's meant to be dealt with.

Berean Standard Bible BSB KJV

1“If someone sins by failing to testify when he hears a public charge about something he has witnessed, whether he has seen it or learned of it, he shall bear the iniquity.

2Or if a person touches anything unclean—whether the carcass of any unclean wild animal or livestock or crawling creature—even if he is unaware of it, he is unclean and guilty.

3Or if he touches human uncleanness—anything by which one becomes unclean—even if he is unaware of it, when he realizes it, he is guilty.

4Or if someone swears thoughtlessly with his lips to do anything good or evil—in whatever matter a man may rashly pronounce an oath—even if he is unaware of it, when he realizes it, he is guilty in the matter.

5If someone incurs guilt in one of these ways, he must confess the sin he has committed,

6and he must bring his guilt offering to the LORD for the sin he has committed: a female lamb or goat from the flock as a sin offering. And the priest will make atonement for him concerning his sin.

7If, however, he cannot afford a lamb, he may bring to the LORD as restitution for his sin two turtledoves or two young pigeons—one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering.

8He is to bring them to the priest, who shall first present the one for the sin offering. He is to twist its head at the front of its neck without severing it;

9then he is to sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar, while the rest of the blood is drained out at the base of the altar. It is a sin offering.

10And the priest must prepare the second bird as a burnt offering according to the ordinance. In this way the priest will make atonement for him for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven.

11But if he cannot afford two turtledoves or two young pigeons, he may bring a tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a sin offering. He must not put olive oil or frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering.

12He is to bring it to the priest, who shall take a handful from it as a memorial portion and burn it on the altar atop the food offerings to the LORD; it is a sin offering.

13In this way the priest will make atonement for him for any of these sins he has committed, and he will be forgiven. The remainder will belong to the priest, like the grain offering.”

14Then the LORD said to Moses,

15“If someone acts unfaithfully and sins unintentionally against any of the LORD’s holy things, he must bring his guilt offering to the LORD: an unblemished ram from the flock, of proper value in silver shekels according to the sanctuary shekel; it is a guilt offering.

16Regarding any holy thing he has harmed, he must make restitution by adding a fifth of its value to it and giving it to the priest, who will make atonement on his behalf with the ram as a guilt offering, and he will be forgiven.

17If someone sins and violates any of the LORD’s commandments even though he was unaware, he is guilty and shall bear his punishment.

18He is to bring to the priest an unblemished ram of proper value from the flock as a guilt offering. Then the priest will make atonement on his behalf for the wrong he has committed in ignorance, and he will be forgiven.

19It is a guilt offering; he was certainly guilty before the LORD.”

Understand This

Leviticus 5, explained

What Leviticus 5 is saying

Additional cases requiring the sin offering include failing to testify, touching uncleanness unknowingly, and rash oaths. A sliding scale of affordability is introduced: a female goat or lamb, or two doves, or even a tenth of an ephah of flour for the poorest. The guilt offering (asham) is introduced for sacrilege against holy things and for uncertain sin, requiring restitution of the principal plus one-fifth to the priest.

The background behind it

The guilt offering (asham) is distinguished from the sin offering by its emphasis on restitution and its monetary valuation. The inclusion of flour as an acceptable sin offering for the destitute ensures that poverty never prevents atonement—an extraordinary theological statement about accessibility.

Themes running underneath

The sliding scale reveals God's pastoral heart: atonement must be accessible to everyone regardless of economic status. The guilt offering's restitution requirement (principal plus 20%) establishes that forgiveness involves making the injured party whole. Sin against holy things requires both sacrifice and material compensation.

Why it still matters

The accessibility principle teaches that God never prices anyone out of forgiveness. The restitution requirement challenges cheap grace—genuine repentance includes concrete efforts to repair the damage done.

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Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible — used by permission, Bible Hub.