Old Testament · Law

Leviticus 20

The Cost of Holiness

Consequences for violating God's commands. The severity underscores how seriously God takes the community He's building.

Berean Standard Bible BSB KJV

1Then the LORD said to Moses,

2“Tell the Israelites, ‘Any Israelite or foreigner living in Israel who gives any of his children to Molech must be put to death. The people of the land are to stone him.

3And I will set My face against that man and cut him off from his people, because by giving his offspring to Molech, he has defiled My sanctuary and profaned My holy name.

4And if the people of the land ever hide their eyes and fail to put to death the man who gives one of his children to Molech,

5then I will set My face against that man and his family and cut off from among their people both him and all who follow him in prostituting themselves with Molech.

6Whoever turns to mediums or spiritists to prostitute himself with them, I will also set My face against that person and cut him off from his people.

7Consecrate yourselves, therefore, and be holy, because I am the LORD your God.

8And you shall keep My statutes and practice them. I am the LORD who sanctifies you.

9If anyone curses his father or mother, he must be put to death. He has cursed his father or mother; his blood shall be upon him.

10If a man commits adultery with another man’s wife—with the wife of his neighbor—both the adulterer and the adulteress must surely be put to death.

11If a man lies with his father’s wife, he has uncovered his father’s nakedness. Both must surely be put to death; their blood is upon them.

12If a man lies with his daughter-in-law, both must surely be put to death. They have acted perversely; their blood is upon them.

13If a man lies with a man as with a woman, they have both committed an abomination. They must surely be put to death; their blood is upon them.

14If a man marries both a woman and her mother, it is depraved. Both he and they must be burned in the fire, so that there will be no depravity among you.

15If a man lies carnally with an animal, he must be put to death. And you are also to kill the animal.

16If a woman approaches any animal to mate with it, you must kill both the woman and the animal. They must surely be put to death; their blood is upon them.

17If a man marries his sister, whether the daughter of his father or of his mother, and they have sexual relations, it is a disgrace. They must be cut off in the sight of their people. He has uncovered the nakedness of his sister; he shall bear his iniquity.

18If a man lies with a menstruating woman and has sexual relations with her, he has exposed the source of her flow, and she has uncovered the source of her blood. Both of them must be cut off from among their people.

19You must not have sexual relations with the sister of your mother or your father, for it is exposing one’s own kin; both shall bear their iniquity.

20If a man lies with his uncle’s wife, he has uncovered the nakedness of his uncle. They will bear their sin; they shall die childless.

21If a man marries his brother’s wife, it is an act of impurity. He has uncovered the nakedness of his brother; they shall be childless.

22You are therefore to keep all My statutes and ordinances, so that the land where I am bringing you to live will not vomit you out.

23You must not follow the statutes of the nations I am driving out before you. Because they did all these things, I abhorred them.

24But I have told you that you will inherit their land, since I will give it to you as an inheritance—a land flowing with milk and honey. I am the LORD your God, who has set you apart from the peoples.

25You are therefore to distinguish between clean and unclean animals and birds. Do not become contaminated by any animal or bird, or by anything that crawls on the ground; I have set these apart as unclean for you.

26You are to be holy to Me because I, the LORD, am holy, and I have set you apart from the nations to be My own.

27A man or a woman who is a medium or spiritist must surely be put to death. They shall be stoned; their blood is upon them.’”

Understand This

Leviticus 20, explained

What Leviticus 20 is saying

Penalties are prescribed for violations of the moral laws in chapter 18: death for child sacrifice, medium consultation, adultery, and incest; childlessness for marrying relatives or during menstruation. God reiterates his call to holiness and the distinction between clean and unclean. The chapter concludes with Israel's separateness among the nations as the theological basis for the entire purity system.

The background behind it

The death penalties listed here reflect the severity with which these violations were viewed in ancient Israel's theocratic context. The inclusion of Molech worship penalties first—before sexual violations—prioritizes the protection of children. The penalties were likely administered through judicial process, not mob action.

Themes running underneath

The chapter pairs the commands of chapter 18 with consequences, establishing that covenant life involves both invitation and accountability. The repeated holiness call—'Be holy to me, for I the LORD am holy and have separated you from the peoples'—grounds the entire legal system in election theology: Israel's behavior flows from their identity as God's set-apart people.

Why it still matters

The severity of consequences teaches that moral boundaries are not arbitrary preferences but structural to covenant community. The identity-before-behavior framework ('I have separated you, therefore be holy') remains the biblical pattern: indicative before imperative.

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Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible — used by permission, Bible Hub.