Old Testament · History

Judges 10

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Tola and Jair judge Israel quietly. Then the people return to idolatry. God says: go cry to the gods you chose. But He can't stay angry.

King James Version BSB KJV

1And after Abimelech there arose to defend Israel Tola the son of Puah, the son of Dodo, a man of Issachar; and he dwelt in Shamir in mount Ephraim.

2And he judged Israel twenty and three years, and died, and was buried in Shamir.

3And after him arose Jair, a Gileadite, and judged Israel twenty and two years.

4And he had thirty sons that rode on thirty ass colts, and they had thirty cities, which are called Havoth-jair unto this day, which are in the land of Gilead.

5And Jair died, and was buried in Camon.

6And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD, and served Baalim, and Ashtaroth, and the gods of Syria, and the gods of Zidon, and the gods of Moab, and the gods of the children of Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines, and forsook the LORD, and served not him.

7And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he sold them into the hands of the Philistines, and into the hands of the children of Ammon.

8And that year they vexed and oppressed the children of Israel: eighteen years, all the children of Israel that were on the other side Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead.

9Moreover the children of Ammon passed over Jordan to fight also against Judah, and against Benjamin, and against the house of Ephraim; so that Israel was sore distressed.

10And the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, saying, We have sinned against thee, both because we have forsaken our God, and also served Baalim.

11And the LORD said unto the children of Israel, Did not I deliver you from the Egyptians, and from the Amorites, from the children of Ammon, and from the Philistines?

12The Zidonians also, and the Amalekites, and the Maonites, did oppress you; and ye cried to me, and I delivered you out of their hand.

13Yet ye have forsaken me, and served other gods: wherefore I will deliver you no more.

14Go and cry unto the gods which ye have chosen; let them deliver you in the time of your tribulation.

15And the children of Israel said unto the LORD, We have sinned: do thou unto us whatsoever seemeth good unto thee; deliver us only, we pray thee, this day.

16And they put away the strange gods from among them, and served the LORD: and his soul was grieved for the misery of Israel.

17Then the children of Ammon were gathered together, and encamped in Gilead. And the children of Israel assembled themselves together, and encamped in Mizpeh.

18And the people and princes of Gilead said one to another, What man is he that will begin to fight against the children of Ammon? he shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

Understand This

Judges 10, explained

What Judges 10 is saying

Two minor judges—Tola (23 years) and Jair (22 years)—provide stability before Israel again falls into widespread idolatry, serving the gods of seven surrounding nations simultaneously. The Ammonites oppress Israel, and the people cry out. In a remarkable dialogue, God initially refuses to deliver them, listing seven past deliverances that went unappreciated. The people persist in repentance, putting away foreign gods, and God's compassion is stirred despite His stated refusal.

The background behind it

The seven nations whose gods Israel served correspond geographically to Israel's surrounding neighbors, indicating the extent of religious syncretism. The Ammonite oppression primarily affected the Transjordan tribes of Gad and Reuben. Jair's thirty sons riding thirty donkeys signals wealth and political influence.

Themes running underneath

God's speech in verses 11–14 is one of the most emotionally raw divine addresses in Scripture—a wounded covenant partner recounting repeated betrayals. Yet the narrator states God 'could bear Israel's misery no longer' (v. 16), revealing that divine compassion ultimately exceeds divine exasperation. The gap between God's stated refusal and His actual response reveals the triumph of mercy.

Why it still matters

God's frustration with repeated failure does not extinguish His compassion. This chapter shows that genuine repentance—not merely words but the actual removal of idols—moves God's heart even when He has every reason to walk away.

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Scripture text: King James Version — public domain.