Old Testament · History

1 Samuel 16

David Anointed

God sends Samuel to a house in Bethlehem. Everyone expects the tall, strong son. God chooses the shepherd boy.

King James Version BSB KJV

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1And the LORD said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul, seeing I have rejected him from reigning over Israel? fill thine horn with oil, and go, I will send thee to Jesse the Beth-lehemite: for I have provided me a king among his sons.

2And Samuel said, How can I go? if Saul hear it, he will kill me. And the LORD said, Take an heifer with thee, and say, I am come to sacrifice to the LORD.

3And call Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will shew thee what thou shalt do: and thou shalt anoint unto me him whom I name unto thee.

4And Samuel did that which the LORD spake, and came to Beth-lehem. And the elders of the town trembled at his coming, and said, Comest thou peaceably?

5And he said, Peaceably: I am come to sacrifice unto the LORD: sanctify yourselves, and come with me to the sacrifice. And he sanctified Jesse and his sons, and called them to the sacrifice.

6And it came to pass, when they were come, that he looked on Eliab, and said, Surely the LORD’s anointed is before him.

7But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the Lord seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart.

8Then Jesse called Abinadab, and made him pass before Samuel. And he said, Neither hath the LORD chosen this.

9Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. And he said, Neither hath the LORD chosen this.

10Again, Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel. And Samuel said unto Jesse, The LORD hath not chosen these.

11And Samuel said unto Jesse, Are here all thy children? And he said, There remaineth yet the youngest, and, behold, he keepeth the sheep. And Samuel said unto Jesse, Send and fetch him: for we will not sit down till he come hither.

12And he sent, and brought him in. Now he was ruddy, and withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to. And the LORD said, Arise, anoint him: for this is he.

13Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brethren: and the Spirit of the LORD came upon David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah.

14But the Spirit of the LORD departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the LORD troubled him.

15And Saul’s servants said unto him, Behold now, an evil spirit from God troubleth thee.

16Let our lord now command thy servants, which are before thee, to seek out a man, who is a cunning player on an harp: and it shall come to pass, when the evil spirit from God is upon thee, that he shall play with his hand, and thou shalt be well.

17And Saul said unto his servants, Provide me now a man that can play well, and bring him to me.

18Then answered one of the servants, and said, Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Beth-lehemite, that is cunning in playing, and a mighty valiant man, and a man of war, and prudent in matters, and a comely person, and the LORD is with him.

19Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said, Send me David thy son, which is with the sheep.

20And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul.

21And David came to Saul, and stood before him: and he loved him greatly; and he became his armourbearer.

22And Saul sent to Jesse, saying, Let David, I pray thee, stand before me; for he hath found favour in my sight.

23And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.

Understand This

1 Samuel 16, explained

What 1 Samuel 16 is saying

God sends Samuel to Bethlehem to anoint a new king from Jesse's sons. Samuel assumes the tall, impressive Eliab must be the one, but God corrects him: 'The Lord looks at the heart.' The youngest son David, tending sheep, is called in and anointed, receiving the Spirit of the Lord from that day forward. Meanwhile, an evil spirit torments Saul, and David is brought to court as a musician whose playing soothes the troubled king.

The background behind it

David's anointing at Bethlehem establishes the Davidic line that becomes central to Israel's theology and messianic hope. The transfer of the Spirit from Saul to David marks the definitive shift of divine favor, while the 'evil spirit from the Lord' reflects the Old Testament understanding of God's sovereign permission over all spiritual forces.

Themes running underneath

The contrast between divine and human criteria for leadership is the chapter's central theology: God rejects impressive externals in favor of heart condition. The dramatic irony of David soothing the very king he will replace creates a complex web of unwitting intimacy between the rejected and the chosen.

Why it still matters

God's selection criteria consistently subvert human expectations about appearance, age, and status. This chapter invites honest examination of whether we evaluate people—and ourselves—by external impressions or by heart.

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Scripture text: King James Version — public domain.